The Apollo Moon Missions

The actual NASA's plan called for seven missions to the first manned moon landing. These were the missions A to G:Mission A: Unmanned test of Saturn V and Apollo spacecraft in Earth orbit (performed twice with Apollo 4 and Apollo 6).Mission B: Test of Unmanned Lunar Module (LM for Lunar Module) (performed with Apollo 5).Mission C: Manned test of the Apollo spacecraft in Earth orbit (using Apollo 7).Mission D: Testing the combination of the command module and lunar module in a low Earth orbit (originally planned as Apollo 8, Apollo 9 as renumbered, because a moon flight (Mission C ') was inserted as Apollo 8).Mission E: Testing the combination of the command module and lunar module in orbit distant geomagnetic (Mission was deleted, the mission team took over C ').Mission Q: Testing the combination of the command module and lunar module in lunar orbit (using Apollo 10).Mission G: First landing on the moon (using Apollo 11).Apollo 8 carried out with the first Mondumkreisung, Christmas 1968 was not actually provided by NASA and was inserted with the mission designation C 'between the C and D missions.Also unclear was the configuration of the first moon flight. The initial plans of the 1960s saw before a single spacecraft for landing on the moon and return to Earth, it was unclear whether Rendevouzmanöver and couplings of two spacecraft were possible. It soon became apparent that these plans were unrealistic. In particular, at the instigation of John C. Houbolt Therefore, the end of 1961 we went to a more complex, but optimized configuration of separate spacecraft. This allowed not only to manage with a single missile, but also allowed the optimization of individual components on their exact purpose. This concept will benefit from proposed Space Launch system unchanged.In addition, the emission H, I and J were planned:H mission: landing on the moon with advanced scientific experiments (performed with Apollo 12 and Apollo 13, Apollo 14th was not successful, Apollo 15 was also originally planned as a mission-H).Mission I: Manned flight in lunar orbit for research purposes, no landing intended. Concrete plans for missions I did not exist.J Mission: Landing on the moon with advanced scientific experiments, and the lunar rover (using Apollo 15, Apollo 16 and Apollo 17).

List of soviet Cosmonauts

Contains all before the end of the Soviet Union launched cosmonautSee also: Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine72 space travelers:Viktor Mikhailovich Afanasyev - Soyuz TM-11, Soyuz TM-18, Soyuz TM-29, Soyuz TM-32 TM-33/SojusVladimir Viktorovich Aksyonov - Soyuz 22, Soyuz T-2Alexander Pavlovich Aleksandrov - Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-3Yuri Petrovich Artjuchin - Soyuz 14Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky - Soyuz TM-12Oleg Yuryevich Atkow - Salyut 7 EO-3 (Soyuz T-11 T-10/Sojus)Toktar Ongarbajewitsch Aubakirow - TM-13/Sojus Soyuz TM-12Alexander Nikolayevich Balandin - Soyuz TM-9Pavel Ivanovich Belyaev - Voskhod 2Georgi Timofeyevich Beregowoi - Soyuz 3Anatoly Nikolayevich Berezovoy - Soyuz T-5Valery Fyodorovich Bykowski - Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, Soyuz 31Yevgeny Vasilyevich Khrunov - Soyuz 4 5/SojusLev Stepanovich Dyomin - Soyuz 15Georgi Dobrowolski Timofeevich - Soyuz 11Vladimir Alexandrovich Dschanibekow - Soyuz 27, Soyuz 39, Soyuz T-6, Soyuz T-12, Salyut 7 EO-4 (Soyuz T-13)Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistow - Voskhod 1Anatoly Vasilievich Filipchenko - Soyuz 7, Soyuz 16Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin - Vostok 1, the first man in space (April 12, 1961)Yuri Nikolayevich Glazkov - Soyuz 24Viktor Vasilyevich Gorbatko - Soyuz 7, Soyuz 24, Soyuz 37Georgi Mikhailovich Grechko - Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26, Salyut 7 EO-4 (Soyuz T-13 T-14/Sojus)Alexei Alexandrovich Gubaryov - Soyuz 17, Soyuz 28Alexander Sergeyevich Ivanchenkov - Soyuz 29, Soyuz T-6Boris Borisovich Yegorov - Voskhod 1Alexei Stanislavovich Yeliseyev - 5/Sojus Soyuz 4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10Leonid Denisovich Kizim - Soyuz T-3, Salyut 7 EO-3 (Soyuz T-11 T-10/Sojus), Soyuz T-15Pyotr Ilyich Klimuk - Soyuz 13, Soyuz 18, Soyuz 30Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov - Voskhod 1, Soyuz 1Vladimir Vasilyevich Kovalyonok - Soyuz 25, Soyuz 29, Soyuz T-4Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev - Soyuz TM-7, Mir LD-3 (Soyuz TM-13 TM-12/Sojus), STS-60, STS-88, ISS Expedition 1 (Soyuz TM-31/STS-102), ISS Expedition 11 (Soyuz TMA-6)Valery Nikolaevich Kubasov - Soyuz 6, Soyuz 19, Soyuz 36Vasily Lazarev Grigoryevich - Soyuz 12Alexander Ivanovich Lawejkin - Soyuz TM-2Valentin Lebedev Vitalyevich - Soyuz 13, Soyuz T-5Alexei Leonov Arkhipovich - Voskhod 2, Soyuz 19, the first man who performed a spacewalk (March 18, 1965)Anatoly Levchenko Semenovich - Soyuz TM-4Vladimir Lyakhov Afanassjevitch - 32/Sojus Soyuz 34, Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-5 TM-6/SojusOleg Makarov Grigoryevich - Soyuz 12, Soyuz 27, Soyuz T-3Yuri Vasilyevich Malyshev - Soyuz T-2, Soyuz T-11Gennadi Mikhailovich Manakov - Soyuz TM-10, Soyuz TM-16Mussa Chiramanowitsch Manarov - Soyuz TM-6 TM-4/Sojus, Soyuz TM-11Andriyan Grigoryevich Nikolayev - Vostok 3, Soyuz 9Viktor Ivanovich Pazajew - Soyuz 11Valery Vladimirovich Polyakov - Mir LD-2 (Soyuz TM-7 TM-6/Sojus), Mir LD-4 (Soyuz TM-20 TM-18/Sojus)Leonid Ivanovich Popov - Soyuz 35, Soyuz 40, Soyuz T-7Pavel Romanovich Popovich - Vostok 4, Soyuz 14Valery Viktorovich Ryumin - Soyuz 25, Soyuz 32, Soyuz 35 STS-91Yuri Viktorovich Romanenko - Soyuz 26, Soyuz 38, Soyuz TM-2Valeri Rozhdestvensky Ilyich - Soyuz 23Nikolai Nikolaevich Rukawischnikow - Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, Soyuz 33Gennady Vasilyevich Sarafanov - Soyuz 15Viktor Petrovich Savinykh - Soyuz T-4, Salyut 7 EO-4 (Soyuz T-14 T-13/Sojus), Soyuz TM-5Svetlana Evgenevna Sawizkaja - Soyuz T-7, Soyuz T-12Vladimir Aleksandrovich Shatalov - Soyuz 4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10Vitaly Mikhailovich Scholobow - Soyuz 21Georgi Stepanovich Shonin - Soyuz 6Alexander Alexandrovich Serebrov - Soyuz T-7, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-17Vitaly Ivanovich Sevastyanov - Soyuz 9, Soyuz 18Anatoli Yakovlevich Solovyov - I EP-2 (Soyuz TM-4 TM-5/Sojus), Mir EO-6 (Soyuz TM-9), Mir EO-12 (Soyuz TM-15), Mir EO-19 (STS-71 / Soyuz TM-21), Mir EO-24 (Soyuz TM-26)Vladimir Alekseevich Soloviev - Salyut 7 EO-3 (Soyuz T-11 T-10/Sojus), Mir EO-1 (Soyuz T-15)Gennady Mikhailovich Strekalow - Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz T-10-1 (demolition), Soyuz T-11, Soyuz TM-10, Mir EO-18 (Soyuz TM-21/STS-71)Vyacheslav Dmitrievich Sudowe - Soyuz 23Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova - Vostok 6, the first woman in space (June 16, 1963)German Stepanovich Titov - Vostok 2Vladimir Titov Georgiyevich - Soyuz T-8, Soyuz T-10-1 (demolition), Soyuz TM-4, STS-63, STS-86Vladimir Vladimirovich Wasjutin - Salyut 7 EO-4 (Soyuz T-14)Alexander Stepanovich Viktorenko - Soyuz TM-3, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-20, also one of the first Russian astronaut to dissolution of the USSR (10 August 1992)Igor Petrovich Volk - Soyuz T-12Alexander Alexandrovich Volkov - Salyut 7 EO-4 (Soyuz T-14), Soyuz TM-7, Soyuz TM-13Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov - Soyuz 7, Soyuz 11Boris Valentinovich Wolynow - Soyuz 5, Soyuz 21

About the existence of Alien being

The theoretical possibility that life could exist beyond Earth, is discussed for centuries. In the words for example, already Giordano Bruno in the 16th Century that the universe is infinite and that there are infinitely many creatures on other planets in the universe exist. Even Immanuel Kant in 1755 it employed in his work from the residents of the stars. The speculation increased especially in the second half of the 19th Century, as the theory of evolution gained more widespread, which says that life has on the Earth over periods of billions of natural mutation and selection processes from the simplest life forms to ever greater diversity, more complexity and eventually developed into intelligence. This idea, it was possible to appear that could have evolved on other planets in a similar way of life - especially after both the traditional biblical Christian worldview increasingly lost importance and pointed out the astronomy that our sun is a star similar to the billions star is.For the existence of intelligent life beyond Earth are particularly cited the fact that it alone in the Milky Way are 200-400 billion stars, and this in turn is only one of more than 100 billion galaxies. Furthermore, our sun has - if known - no special features, and even planetary systems seem to be widespread. Thus, it is assumed that there are many planets that offer similarly good conditions for life. Under this assumption, it seems extremely unlikely that would have evolved on this planet, no life. Thus, it is very likely that there are other life forms in the universe. This missing component, however, that the time window of intelligent life is possible only a few million years.The probability of the existence of such a life is estimated since 1961 with the Drake equation. However, many of the used in the Drake equation factors controversial. Even beyond the question of how the theoretical results of the Drake equation has practical relevance, or how it is to be interpreted at all, there are a lot of discussion.Another consideration is the possible spread of life on other planets. If technologically advanced life forms would be capable of interstellar colonization and also could maintain their civilization over millions of years, the galaxy would have to be fully colonized within a few million years. The fact that there are still no signs that speak for this fact is also known as Fermi's paradox.

The reason why we never went to the moon since the 1970s

Aliens attacked the Astronauts on the moon? See yourself

Erich von Däniken - Did Aliens visit us in the past?

Erich von Däniken is the best known representatives of the so-called pre-astronautics or "Paleo-SETI-hypothesis": aliens have visited Earth long ago and decisively influenced the development of mankind.Because of their high technical superiority that astronauts had been held by primitive men as gods. Given thisassumption implies von Daniken different legacies (buildings, legends, etc.) as evidence of ancient cultures forextra-terrestrial visitors.
For example, he believes that "primitive" people were not without help from others in a position to providecultural services such as building the pyramids of Giza, the stone monuments on Easter Island, Stonehenge or the map of Piri Reis. Various objects he saw as a possible replica of launch pads and landing sites of UFOs (egNazca lines) to aliens (gods) again to persuade another to land on the earth - and he interprets these objects as remnants of cargo cults . In religion and mysticism traditional gods he interpreted as aliens.
The first chapter of the Book of Ezekiel (Ezekiel) in the Bible interprets von Daniken as a description of thelanding of a spaceship. Based on the biblical description of this was known as "Ezekiel" spacecraft of theNASA engineer Josef F. Blumrich (1913-2002) constructed a model.Erich von Däniken asks the historians, not only in a particular field (such as Egyptology) to limit, but disciplinesto recognize the similarities between the ancient civilizations (such as the pyramids in Africa and South America, but see, for example, Thor Heyerdahl) to recognize the similarities and explore more detailed. Hecriticized the Catholic Church as well as governments and authorities in various countries (including Egypt) so that important evidence would be retained, supported his hypothesis.
Erich von Däniken sees herself as a devout man who prayed every day. However, the teachings of all worldreligions are wrong, because they on the wrong "facts" were based. The reason lies in the question of the originof life, which it considers to lie in space. Also distances himself from Däniken always disclaim all UFO religionsand emphasizes the fact that he, despite repeatedly mentioned in the media so well is not a ufologist.

The book of Enoch - Was God really an Astronaut?

Under the name of Enoch, there are three different apocryphal books, with the 1st, 2nd, 3rd Enoch, orsometimes also referred to the languages ​​in which they were handed down mainly.
The first Enoch is also called the Ethiopian Book of Enoch. It has survived completely only in Ethiopic. Parts of the book are also in Greek (the first 32 chapters found in a manuscript 1886/87, is also sometimes referred to as Greek Enoch) receive and Aramaic.
The second Enoch (Slavonic Enoch) is only preserved in Church Slavonic.
The third Book of Enoch (Hebrew Enoch) in Hebrew.

Astronaut Frank Borman still alive???

Born in 1928!


After Borman 1950 at the Military Academy at West Point had finished his aeronautical engineering degree, he served until 1953 as a combat pilot in the Air Force in the Philippines, then as a flight instructor in Georgia and Arizona. 1957 Borman received a master's degree in aerospace. Then he taught until 1960 as assistant professor at West Point, thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. Then he returned to Edwards Air Force Base in California back into the cockpit again: first in education as a test pilot, then as an instructor.
On 17 September 1962 he was selected by NASA astronauts in the second group. As a special task he took on the missiles, which should bring the spacecraft into orbit.
End of 1963, Borman was intended as a replacement pilot for the maiden flight of Gemini third By Fluguntauglichkeit of the proposed Gemini-3-commander Alan Shepard and the postponement of the mission profiles was then, however, Borman replacement commander of Gemini 4, which on 27 Was communicated to the public in July 1964.
After the flight in June 1965 had been carried out successfully, Borman was nominated as commander of Gemini 7th Borman was thus the second after James McDivitt NASA astronaut who has been already transferred on the first flight in command of a multi-person space ship. Together with Jim Lovell orbited of 4December to 18 December 1965 the earth, a long-term record, which was only broken 1970th
On 29 September 1966 he was assigned as a replacement commander for the second manned Apollo flight, but this flight was a few weeks later deleted because it was an unnecessary repetition of the first flight.
After the disaster of Apollo 1, in which three astronauts were killed, Frank Borman was a member of the Commission of Inquiry. As a result, he was given the task of rebuilding the team for the Apollo command module to conduct.
After NASA had received the plans for manned space flights again, were on 20 November 1967 the divisions for the second and third Apollo flight (Missions D and E) if known. Borman was provided as mission commander for E. Together with him, Michael Collins and William Anders were divided. This should be the first manned flight of the Saturn V rocket and take up to 11 days.
In the summer of 1968 was marked off, however, that the lunar module, the second manned Apollo flight (the Mission D) should be tested, would not be ready in time. In August, NASA decided to inform the public without the time being, that the mission could be brought forward and I should go around the Bormans Mission Team C 'on the moon. However, Michael Collins had to undergo surgery and was replaced by Jim Lovell.
C. After the mission (Apollo 7) proceeded successfully, NASA decided on 10 November definitively that Borman's team should be the first to fly to the moon. The historic flight of Apollo 8 was launched on 21December 1968 and lasted seven days. Borman for this was the second and final space flight. He was one of the few astronauts from the Gemini and Apollo project, which had never even worked as a speaker connection (Capcom).
In July 1969, just before the lunar landing of Apollo 11 Borman officially visited the Soviet Union. He was supported by his wife and his 15 - and 17-year-old sons accompanied. Borman met Nikolai Kamanin, the head of the Soviet manned space flight, and the cosmonauts Feoktistow, Titov, Shatalov, Volynow, Beregowoi and Tereshkova. Kamanin Borman acknowledged as a skilled orator and diplomat as well as a born politician.
On 1 July 1970 Frank Borman retired from NASA and went to the U.S. airline Eastern Airlines, first as Vice President, as chairman from 1976. During his time at Eastern reach of the four most profitable company financial statements in its history.
As an Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 on 29 December 1972 accident in the Everglades in Florida is still Borman involved in the same night in person to the rescue.
In 1986 he retired from the company. Currently he is working on the restoration of aircraft.